任 龍在

Purpose This study explored changes in quality of life (QOL) among adults with cerebral palsy (CP), identified turning points influencing variations in QOL, and examined the relationship between QOL and body image (BI).Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Korean adults with severe physical disabilities due to CP to collect qualitative data. Results First, three phases of QOL changes were identified among participants: (1) a negative period from birth to high school, (2) a turning point with improvements in QOL from high school to early 20s, and (3) a phase of overall QOL stabilization accompanied by health concerns from early 20s to the present. Second, participants consistently reported significant turning points in QOL related to moments of personal independence, such as when they did things “alone” or “independently.” Third, a partial relationship between QOL and BI was identified: the ‘fitness’ and ‘health’ domains within BI were closely related to QOL, while the ‘appearance’ domain showed no significant relationship. Conclusion The findings emphasize the importance of fostering independence and addressing health-related aspects of BI in educational programs for children and adolescents with CP to enhance their future QOL.

This study aimed to examine the levels, demographic differences, and associations between body image (BI) and quality of life (QOL) among Japanese adolescents with congenital physical disabilities. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 107 Japanese adolescents with congenital physical disabilities, which included demographic variables, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version. Data were analyzed using Cronbach’s α coefficient, descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The mean BI score was 2.96 ± 0.39. The domain-specific mean scores were as follows: health evaluation (3.49 ± 0.67), health orientation (3.11 ± 0.57), fitness evaluation (3.03 ± 0.93), fitness orientation (3.02 ± 0.70), appearance orientation (2.70 ± 0.61), and appearance evaluation (2.61 ± 0.61). The mean QOL score was 3.51 ± 0.50. The domain-specific mean scores were as follows: social relationships (3.61 ± 0.91), environment (3.60 ± 0.59), physical (3.46 ± 0.55), and psychological (3.42 ± 0.63). BI significantly varied by gender, school level, type of disability, and activities of daily living (ADLs), while QOL varied by school level and ADLs. All BI domains, except appearance orientation (investments for enhancing appearance), were positively correlated with QOL. Our findings suggest that school level and ADLs are key predictors of both BI and QOL among Japanese adolescents with congenital physical disabilities and that physical-fitness- and health-related BI are closely associated with QOL.

Purpose This study aimed to clarify the challenges and improvement tasks regarding in-school medical support from the perspectives of school nurses. Method A focus group interview was conducted with five school nurses responsible for in-school medical support for children with severe and multiple disabilities. The interview data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Results The advantages of school nurses in providing medical support are as follows: a sense of fulfillment from seeing students' growth, a sense of belonging from returning to society, and satisfaction from being recognized for their professional expertise. The challenges faced by school nurses in providing medical support are as follows: a lack of School nurses, low salary and job insecurity, absence of guidelines, difficulties in relationships with parents, and difficulties in coordination and cooperation with teachers. The priority tasks identified by the participants to address these challenges are as follows: reasonable salaries, job security (guaranteed tenure), establishment and dissemination of guidelines, and implementation of a medical support record system. Conclusion The implications and limitations of this study suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, levels, and relationships between body image (BI) and quality of life (QOL) among adolescents living with congenital physical disabilities in Korea. Method The web-based self-report survey was conducted with 135 adolescents with physical disabilities in Korea. The survey questions included demographic variables, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results The mean BI score was 3.00±.46. By domain, the mean scores were as follows: Health evaluation (3.28±.73), Health orientation (3.24±.63), Fitness orientation (3.07±.63), Appearance orientation (M=2.94, SD=.69), Fitness evaluation (M=2.85, SD=.93), and Appearance evaluation (M=2.63, SD=.75). The mean QOL score was 3.28±.61. By domain, the mean scores were as follows: Environment (M=3.43, SD=.71), Social relationships (M=3.36, SD=1.04), Physical (M=3.28, SD=.66), and Psychological (M=3.02, SD=.66). Furthermore, BI significantly differed according to gender, age, type of disability, and activities of daily living (ADLs), while QOL significantly differed according to gender, age, and ADLs. All domains of BI, except for appearance orientation, were strongly positively correlated with QOL. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the BI and QOL of Korean adolescents with physical disabilities are generally positive. Gender, age, and ADLs are significant predictors of both BI and QOL among adolescents with physical disabilities in Korea. Additionally, physical fitness and health-related BI are more strongly associated with QOL than appearance-related BI. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that consider these factors to improve the healthy growth and development of this population.

本研究では，特別支援学校（肢体不自由）に在籍する外国籍児童を担任する教師が抱える困難とその対応を明らかにすることを目的とした。中国籍児童を担任する計７名の教諭を対象にインタビュー調査を行い，グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ法を参考に分析した。その結果，１年生担任からは〈日本語理解の困難〉，４年生担任からは〈文化の違いによる困難〉，〈日本語理解の困難〉，〈児童の反応を見取る困難〉のカテゴリーが抽出され，対応は担任個人レベルで行っていることが分かった。結果からの示唆は①文化の違いを理解し，互いの文化を尊重する態度を身につける，②校内で通訳の制度を活用できるよう整備する，③母語を話す教職員の登用を検討する，であった。今後は，特別支援学校に在籍する外国籍児童の実態を把握するとともに，障害に加えて言語や文化の違いによる教育上のニーズについて関心を高めていくことが重要であると推察される。