鈴木 弘樹

&nbsp;1. Purpose<br>&nbsp;People of all ages visit expressway rest areas. But in Japan, up to now, the focus was on quantity and not quality of rest areas. As for seniors and families with children, though easy-to-use rest rooms and pictogram signs are provided, no standards to make the entire rest area more convenient for them have been set. So to see what is needed, we have monitored rest-area behaviors of seniors and families with children.<br>&nbsp;2. Method<br>&nbsp;Behavior tracking was carried out at 3 rest areas with the following features: long average parking time for small vehicles on weekdays, high environmental assessment index, and where there are parks and open spaces. The locations were identified from traffic statistics taken by NEXCO to study the needed parking spaces at rest areas. The 3 rest areas were A , B and C in Shizuoka Prefecture.<br>&nbsp;The subjects were people aged 65 or older (seniors) and families with children aged one to six (families). We explained the purpose of the survey to subjects selected randomly at the rest area, got their consent and had them fill in a simple questionnaire. Then we let them do as they please and observed what they did. Rather than selecting the subjects beforehand and asking them to cooperate with the survey, this approach makes it possible to see their true behaviors. A fieldworker was assigned per subject and observed and recorded the subject's every move&mdash;what, where, route, duration &mdash; on a map and took photos. The subject was interviewed at the end. A total of 29 seniors and 57 families were monitored.<br>&nbsp;3. Results<br>&nbsp;(1) Length of stay<br>&nbsp;1) Elderly<br>&nbsp;Usual rest-area behavior took about 25 min, which is about the average of rest areas. But 20 min of special rest-area behavior was observed at all 3 rest areas, extending stay.<br>&nbsp;2) Families<br>&nbsp;Usual rest-area behavior took about 30 min, which is about the average of rest areas. Special rest-area behavior took between 10 and 20 min at all 3 locations, extending stay.<br>&nbsp;(2) Special rest-area behavior<br>&nbsp;1) Elderly<br>&nbsp;At A, seniors enjoyed window shopping, sightseeing boats, and the view from the terrace. At B, they enjoyed window shopping, the bike exhibit, the view from the observatory, and chat at outdoor tables. At C, subjects walked their dog, strolled, widow shopped.<br>&nbsp;2) Families<br>&nbsp;At A, children played in the garden, enjoyed the view of the lake and parents took photos. At B, children played in the kids' play area in the food court. At C, families went to the terrace and the dog-run.<br>&nbsp;4. Conclusion<br>&nbsp;Following points to be considered to better accommodate seniors and families were revealed through behavior-tracking.<br>&nbsp;&middot;For seniors and families, usual rest-area behaviors (restrooms, meals, shopping) took 25 to 30 min at all three locations.<br>&nbsp;&middot;Special rest-area behaviors that extend their stay differed per individual for both seniors and families.<br>&nbsp;&middot;Special rest-area behaviors, for the two groups at all 3 locations were resting in the outdoor gardens and window shopping.<br>&nbsp;In the gardens, they tended to spend time at places with a good view, or on patios where they could sit down. Families let their kids play in the garden and play area.<br>&nbsp;When comparing seniors and families, families stayed at rest areas longer because they needed to spend time for the kids. But the activities of the two groups did not differ much. In conclusion, we saw that a common approach could be taken to extending their stay.

Expressway rest areas in Japan are being improved to provide better customer satisfaction. <br>Because rest areas are facilities for the general public, quantity rather than quality was pursued to satisfy technical standards. Our challenge is to improve the &ldquo;quality of rest&rdquo; provided at rest areas, so that they become not only a place to take a break from travel but where people of all ages and nationalities can enjoy and feel comfortable. <br>A multi-facet assessment index integrating scientific, facility operator and user viewpoints will be developed, because currently, there are no quality-of-rest assessment standards for rest areas in Japan.

本研究は詩「上林十景」から連想された昌徳宮後園の風景イメージを考察したものである。「上林十景」から連想された風景イメージは詩に表現され、風景を描写する語句と、その中に反映されている象徴的な意味や思想に直・間接的な関係があることが分かった。季節感が強く現れる詩文では単調で似たような風景イメージが演出され、社会の安定と繁栄が反映された詩文では対比構図による異質な雰囲気の風景が演出されていることが分かった。また、神仙思想が反映された詩文は安定した構図に基づき、奥深い風景が演出された。

Past studies, which treated architectural space of psychiatric hospitals, discussed patients' healing environment based on long term stay in hospitals. But this study discusses therapeutic environment of psychiatric hospitals beyond the comfortable situation through the context of spatial awareness. The process of survey is divided into two stages. The first is making statistical analysis of the architectural basic data of 122 psychiatric hospitals and 141 patients' wards and their seclusion rooms, in order to obtain actual situation of the design of recent seclusion rooms. This survey has done based on plan drawings. The second is making concrete and detail design data of seclusion rooms, and obtaining evaluation of them from the view points of nurses. As a result, the discussion points for creating cure environment of seclusion rooms are found. Those are as follows; 1) Floor area, 2) Relationship between seclusion rooms and staff-station, 3) Vestibule, 4) Toilet design, 5) Observation corridor and windows.

The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction tool for designing and building houses with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to prevent people diagnose sick building syndrome. First, 116 VOCs were analyzed in detail from 124 indoor air samples collected at 29 rooms in 8 houses for over 5 years. Next, multivariate analysis was conducted to find the influencing factors and contribution on the VOC emission. As the results, it became clear that flooring materials, construction method and time after finishing construction were the major factors. Finally, a prediction tool of VOC level in indoor air was designed.

In this study, pictures of components of imagined scenery, which were imagined from the words of 20 haiku, were drawn. To clarify psychological influences, psychological experiments basing on SD method, were performed. Both of the results were quantified to numerical value and quantification analysis was performed. As the results:1) Base on the factor analysis, 8 factor axes that have influences on the structure of psychological evaluation were extracted.2) Base on grid analysis, the results such as when considering a landscape, direction of the sun, in particular the south was being considered, were obtained. 3) Base on correlation analysis, the results such as the dusk, the sun...were effective elements which direct various scenery, were obtained. 4) Base on multiple correlation analysis, the results such as when an element of the background such as mountain was put into scenery, it would contribute to broadening the landscape, were obtained. Above various structures of imagined scenery, which were imagined from the words of haiku, were captured and the fundamental documents of scenery and landscape were objectively showed.

In this study, station square (outside-space of station) that links the station to urban space, and outside-latch concourse (inside-space of station) were perceived as one continuous-space. 10 psychological factor axes, which were considered the structure of psychological evaluation of people for the space, were extracted based on the result of psychological experiments using SD method and factor analysis. In addition, the correlation analysis of the psychological quantities and the physical quantities was quantitatively performed and physical quantities of this continuous-space that were thought that have influences on the psychology of people, were concretely clarified.

The aim of the study is to investigate the elevation of urban architecture, and to clarify the feeling about the component elements of elevation, such as the outline, proportion, joints, etc. and how to cognize and hold, then transform the tendencies of cognition into computer data for statistical analysis. The object of the research is the various styles of architecture in Tokyo.<br>As a site investigation, we carried out an elevation recollection method experiment. By analyzing the data relating to elevation cognition rates for each object, it was possible to clarify the tendencies of elevation cognition. For example, the cognition of proportion is not influenced by the size of a building when the value of height/width lies between 0.5 and 3.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial composition of open spaces of Nepal. In Nepal, there still exist open spaces since the medieval period in as it is form. 16 squares are taken into consideration and investigated by indication method. Indicated elements are classified into 5 categories. A cluster analysis, considering a number of indicated elements, noting indication rate and depreciation tendency, is carried out and characterized by matrix analysis. In conclusion, the composition and features of 5 generic types of squares,"Buddhist","Hindu","Commercial","Old Royal Palace" and "Life-Relaxation" are clarified quantitatively.