森永 良丙

In this study, in order to clarify the actual situation of the efforts of the organization and activities by participating in planning of the River and city development support system, and its characteristics and issues, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews with the activity organizations. As an effect of participation in the plan, there was an organization whose organization formation and activities expanded. Participation in the plan had the effect of raising awareness among participants in utilizing the riverside. In addition, it is effective to participate in organizations that match the characteristics of the area and location.

&nbsp;Since 1980, commercial housing is implemented, housing industrialization and commercialization has become a trend which cannot be avoided in the current housing construction of China. The condominium housing in China was become special exchange of goods with money between developer and residents. In order to obtain higher profit, developers provided consumers with a variety of styles of apartment, and improve the housing price at the same time. As usual, developers has long controlled of the Chinese housing market. In addition to selecting the unit provided by the developers, the occupants have no other way to choose the style of housing they want, which is reflect the current status of Chinese housing market.<br>&nbsp;Under such circumstances, the first cooperative housing case in China &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo; was completed in 2013, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. The main purpose of &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo; is to avoid the housing market monopoly from developers and to achieve low cost for housing purchase. The nearest cooperative housing case &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo; was completed in 2014, Changsha, Hunan Province. With the project participation of residents as the main purpose, residents in &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo; can join in the project from planning and to achieve the purpose of self-financing. However, these two cases are also a lot of problems. In case of &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo;, although obtained land from the government by way of tendering, in the end, a large proportion of the inhabitants resell the houses in order to obtain a margin of profit. In case of &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo;, although residents can design houses according to their own preferences, but because of the lack of detailed investment contract, there is a great financial risk of the project.<br>&nbsp;Based on the monopoly of Chinese condominium housing and the implementation of cooperative housing in China. It is necessary to explore what kind of methods should be adopted in the future residential project in China. The purpose of this study is that: Make a comparison on housing choice, project planning and management between Chinese cooperative housing and Chinese general condominium housing, and revealing the characteristics of each, and to explore the possibility of the spread of cooperative housing in China.<br>&nbsp;The orientation of this study: There have been a lot of references about Chinese housing industrialization, condominium housing project, and housing construction process in China. And the case of cooperative housing &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo; has been cleared. As a continuation of &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo;, the condominium housing in Changsha as the survey object, but also with &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo;, to make a comparative study on planning, raising, housing choice, housing design, management and others.<br>&nbsp;This preliminary analysis has revealed that: (1).There are still many different options for occupants in condominium housing; For the purpose of low cost, &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo; has few options in housing choice; Although &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo; is the best free on design, but have to spend a lot of time on the agreement. Therefore, it is provide a new possibility for Chinese housing industry. (2).For the general commercial housing, there are many different options for dealing with the diversification of tenants. For cooperative housing, it should also take into account the diverse needs of households. (3).The aspect of rule about contract: &ldquo;Lixiangjiayuan&rdquo; was completed, but however a lot of residents are only purpose for investing. &ldquo;Guanshanyanyue&rdquo; also has a situation where the residents withdraws his business halfway. Therefore it is important to make a rule for ensure the stability of housing project and risk reduction.

&nbsp;The nearest case registered in this direction is "Guanshanyanyue", a housing development completed in 2014, in Changsha,Hunan Province. This project offered user participation in all stages from design to construction, and as such, it became thegenesis of this research on the feasibility of cooperative housing construction in the Chinese housing market. The purposes ofthis study are: (1) Clarify the planning and implementation strategies for the construction of Guanshanyanyue. (2) Clarifydifferences in the scope of choices offered (specifically in the domain of common and exclusive areas) to the user in Japan, andin the Guanshanyanyue project. The ultimate purpose of this research is to investigate opportunities for co-operative housingdevelopments in China, and the possibility of applying the Japanese practice as a model. This preliminary analysis hasrevealed that: (1) The case of Guanshanyanyue offers a broad scope of user participation, reaching the skeleton level, similarlyto the Japanese "user-initiative" co-operative housing model, which offers a broader scope user decision than the"specialist-initiative" co-operative housing model, which limits user decisions to the interior level. (2) Guanshanyanyue, willalways need development companies mediating the contracts, because they can hold a property deed. (3) Guanshanyanyueproject lacked professional guidance.

The civic participation of the planning stage in public facility penetrates widely. However, it does not become clear about the sustainability of the citizen participation in the administration stage. This study clarifies the association with the actual situation of the citizen participation of the administration stage and the planning process by the questionnaire to a national example. This study is intended to get a suggestion about sustainable citizen participation in public facility. As a result of investigation, it became clear that examination of the administration in the planning stage and the formation of the citizen's group played role that was important to the citizen's main constituent formation after the opening.

This paper aims to examine housing support for dwelling distress household such as elderly persons, disable people, foreigners etc. Housing support for them to occupy private rental housing is necessary because they tend to be refused contracts and occupancies of rental housing by owners. To grasp the general condition of housing support, the nationwide questionnaire survey for housing department of 849 local governments was conducted, 691 answers about support policies of local government and support activities of non profit organizations were collected. From analysis of these answers, some characteristics are observed: 1) refusals of dwelling distress household become obvious on major metropolitan areas and housing support policies are provided by local governments of these areas; 2) non profit organizations enforce support activities directly and inclusively for many kinds of dwelling distress household; 3) policies by local governments and activities by non profit organizations are complementary to each other and some cooperative relationships are observed.

本研究は、今後の高齢社会をふまえた公団賃貸住宅団地の再生計画のあり方を明らかにすることを目指して、アンケート調査による既存団地の居住実態・居住意向を分析した上で、高齢者の生活環境の視点から再生計画の基本方針を導き出し、それを尺度に、現行の全面建替え型再生事業を評価している。基本方針については、.高齢者の円滑な日常生活のための居住空間の確保、.身近な生活支援活動の生成・発展、.ミクスト・コミュニティの促進、といった３つの要件の有用性を明らかにすることができた。一方、現行の全面建替え型再生事業は、.については概ね達成できているものの、.については発展するとも衰退するともいえない状況にあり、.については大きく後退させていることが明らかになった。特に高齢者の相互扶助のしくみを後退させる傾向が強く、高齢者の自立した暮らしを維持するための居住基盤整備になり得ていないことが窺えた。そのため、これら３つの基本方針を充たす団地再生計画の方法論を構築することが求められ、改善型あるいは部分建替え型等の再生計画の具体的検討が課題としてあげられる。

"Regeneration project" means regenerating a living environment, which is focused on both community side arid physical environment side with respects for residents' situation and sense of living value. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the requirements of basic concepts for the regeneration project in housing estate with many condominiums and to theorize about the process of making basic concepts by voluntary group consisted of homeowners, and so on. 1) The diversity of residents' life should have first priority over others when the basic concepts are made. And there are three important ways, a) Condominium buildings are reconstructed or renewed by each homeowners of the one. b) Doing community activities with reconstruction and renewal of the buildings, c) To understand the residents' wishes through dialogue. 2) It is important for voluntary group to have an action of "research", "process design" and "working" through the dialogue and collaboration with specialists.

This research is concerned with the sustainability of a community during the replanning and redevelopment of a large housing estate. Its aim was to make a deep and accurate investigation of elderly people's perception of their home and environment. Through participating in a series of presentations, they could relate experiences passed on from generation to generation. The method adopted was "Projection Images by Photography (PIP)". This made it possible to become acquainted with their every-day lives and their thoughts through revealing their "favoured features", "greatest concerns" and "most significant memories". In this way, it was possible to identify key issues for the future regeneration process. The research describes the principles of a "three-dimensional round circle" process - "situation", "relation", "intention" - that would achieve genuine sustainable community development.

The purpose of this paper is to make clear the signifcance of situated design, residents' sense of living together inspired by situated design, and the characteristics of transaction of residents and environment, through analysing the border space between common and private space of the co-operative housing M-port. The follwings are contents of situated design, which elasticizes the border spaces and urges transaction between residents and environment. 1) Setting the situation that enables diverse, direct and indirect communication among persons. 2) Contriving the design that reflects residents' peculiar sense of living together. 3) Allowing the transformation of the meaning and function of common and private space. 4) Giving the opportunities to the residents, that they understand the a mechanism of spatial contrivance. 5) Acquiring the imagination that the residents can share the well-being of l iving together enjoyed by others.

The significance of peripheral transaction between the inside and outside of dwelling units is addressed through analysing the planning process of co-operative housing M-port.<BR>Residents of M-port detected the meaning of living together in the periphery thruogh participating in planning process. The periphery is regarded as an expression of their life, furthermore, each expression is integrated into the discontinuous continuity. The elasticity of the peripheral zone, which is flexd by sharing it with some residents and seeking for such natural conditions as sunlight, starlight, wind and greens, enhances the quality of dwelling units. The peripheral zone is consequently deserved for the future change and maturity of space.<BR>It is necessary for the diverse and ingenious image of living that dialogue and convivial relationship is to be produced among the participants in the planning process with the improvisational performance based on the reserved planning.

This paper conntinues from the preceding paper and describes accurately existance conditions of "The design process of creating living values" by assaying the planning process of the U-court project from the view of co-ordinators' work on residents. As a result of assaying, we recognize the following for the necessity of, co-ordinators and the character of design. The first it's called "planning by participant planner" co-ordinators participate in residents community, they advance a planning as "one-community". The second it's "horizontal communication" between co-ordinators and residents. The third it's "adrift planning" including unforeseen happenings.