長根 裕美

We carried out an enquiry survey toward inventors in the ICT companies, to investigate to what extent "Academic Knowledge" from basic research by universities and public research institutions contribute to ICT companies. I used patent documents to extract inventors. I used the "BizCruncher" database of the Patent Result Co., Ltd, to search for patent documents. 356 samples were extracted from the patent documents and the enquiry sheets were sent to them. The responses of 129 samples with a valid response were analyzed. Then, response rate was 36%. In comparison with the survey toward inventors in pharmaceutical and biotech companies, it was shown that the contribution of basic research to products or sales of ICT companies is less evaluated than that of pharmaceutical or biotech companies. It was also shown that the period of time from introduction of the result of basic research to commercialization m ICT is less than that in pharmaceutical and biotech. In addition, we compared this survey toward inventors with our survey toward managers in ICT. Results of our survey are consistent with common knowledge on ICT and pharmaceutical and biotech industries.

We carried out an enquiry survey toward inventors in the ICT companies.Here we analyze whether intellectual property such as patent and know-how or agreement on R&D inhibits corporate R&D activities.The results were compared with that of the survey toward inventors in pharmaceutical and biotech companies.In both of ICT and pharma/biotech,more than half of the inventors experienced inhibition of R&D by patents,know-hows or R&D agreements.The frequency of such inhibition is larger in pharma/bioech than in ICT.In both of ICT and pharma/biotech,patents owned by other corporations have more inhibitory effects on corporate R&D than those owned by universities and public research institutions.In ICT interchange of materials is less frequent than in pharma/biotech.Therefore,materials have no inhibitory effects on corporate R&D.

（報告書：分担執筆）

報告予定であったが東日本大震災の影響で報告自体はキャンセルしたため、プロシーディングスだけが記録として残った

In order to grasp to what extent a basic research contributes to industry, we designed a survey for individuals. In this paper we report the result of a test survey carried out in the conferences related to technology transfer from university or corporate intellectual property management. It was shown that the fields in which the contribution of a basic research to commercialization or sales in industry is highly evaluated are 1) life science and biotechnology, 2) nanotechnology and materials and 3) manufacturing technology. It was also shown that in these 3 fields the longer period is supposed to be required for a basic research to be commercialized. It was suggested that in the fields in which the longer period is required for commercialization of a basic research the industrial impact of basic research is the larger. We can consider this is one of the evidences that a longer-term industrial impact is expected for a basic research.

We quantitatively analyze how inventors evaluate innovation induced by academic research, based on original questionnaire data. In particular, we target inventors belonging to the pharmaceutical industry, which is regarded as a science-based industry. Participants were asked how many products their firms had not been able to produce without the support of public research resources or what percentage academic research outcomes contribute to their firms' sales. The response rate was 48% out of 332 inventors. We analyzed what factors affect evaluation for academic research's contributions by ordered probit model using this data. As results, inventors who have applied patents more tend to evaluate contributions of academic research high. On the other hand, inventors with long research year tend to evaluate them low. This is a contradict result if we assume that inventors with long research year also apply patents more. However, we could consistently interpret this unless we do not apply this assumption.

This paper explains what firms research with academia, focused on size of employee. Concretely, we analyze relationship between size of firm and rate of joint research with academia. We obtained the survey data for firms by conducting an original questionnaire survey delegated to an investigation company. In this paper, we used data of about 5300 firms (response rate, 25%). We approached with probit model and point diagram of rate of joint research with academia. As a result, we found that big firms totally tend to conduct joint research with academia more than small firms although very small firms also tend to joint with academia as a previous work point out.

We carried out an enquiry survey aiming at the inventors whose names are listed as inventor in the patent application of large pharmaceuticals or bio-startups. It was found that the biggest factor inhibiting R&D in industry is patents owned by corporation. It was also found that patents, know-hows and materials owned by university are bigger inhibiting factors for R&D of start-ups than for that of large pharmaceuticals.

This paper explains how firms use research outcomes of Universities and Public Institutions for commercial realization. We can not extract true contribution from only objective data, that is, patent and sales etc. because those research outcomes are scientific knowledge which has characteristics of public goods. Therefore, we collected subjective data by original questionnaire survey for 20455 firms. Using the data, we empirically analyzed by the micro-econometric method. In particular, we used Ordered Probit Model. In the results, we showed that some industry characteristics (agriculture・forestry・fisheries, building, manufacturing, wholesale, service) and firm size have effected on firms' commercial realization.

In this paper we analyzed how introducing knowledge from basic research affects on firms' performance in pharmaceutical industry in Japan. As an independent variable we adopted an efficiency of patent application (number of patent application/ R&D budget). As one of the explanatory valuables we adopted a new indicator, Propensity to Capture Basic Research (PCBR) by counting the number of academic institutions with which a company co-applied for patents.