出野 慶子, 徳田 友, 今野 美紀, 兼松 百合子, 中村 伸枝
千葉看護学会会誌 7(1) 1-6 2001年6月 査読有り筆頭著者
本研究の目的は,(1)小児糖尿病患者の肥満度と,体脂肪,年齢,性別,血糖コントロール,インスリン量,療養行動の関連について明らかにする,(2)小児糖尿病患者自身の体重についてのとらえ方を明らかにすることである。小児糖尿病外来を受診中の10歳以上の1型小児糖尿病患者のうち,承諾が得られた10〜24才の53名(男子22名,女子31名)を対象に,療養行動質問紙,理想体重,体重が気になるか,体重測定頻度についての自記式質問紙調査と,面接調査,身長・体重・体脂肪測定を行った。その結果,肥満度の平均は4.9±12.1%であり,肥満度10〜20%未満は9名(17.0%),肥満度20%以上は5名(9.4%)であった。肥満度と体脂肪には相関がみられ,肥満度の低い者は,運動をよく行い,身体活動に合わせて間食の時間を決めていた。血糖コントロールを3群に分けて比較した結果,血糖コントロールが不良(HbA1c9.0%以上)の者は,平均肥満度が高く,体重あたりのインスリン量が多かった。女子は男子より血糖コントロールが同じ群でも肥満度の高い傾向がみられた。女子は男子より体重が気になる者が多く,現在の体重より平均5.6kgやせたいと回答した。男子は,筋肉をつけ体型を維持したいと考える者がいる一方で,体重に関心がうすい者も多かった。自分の体重が増加する原因を,生活と結びつけてとらえ整えている者は,血糖コントロールが良好で体重も適正であった。患者の体重についてのとらえ方を把握した上で,性差,年齢差を考慮し,インスリン不足になることなく徐々に理想体重に導く看護援助の方向性が示唆された。This study examined the relationship between body fatness and body fat, age, sex, blood glucose control, insulin dose, and self-care behavior behavior in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents, and also investigated the patient's self awareness of their own body weight. Informed consent was obtained from 53 diabetic patients (22 boys and 31 girls, 10~24 years old) who were being followed in the pediatric diabetic clinic. The subjects completed a diabetic self-care behaviors questionnaire, and participated in an interview involving self awareness of their own body weight, and then their height, body weight and body fat were measured. The results were as follows. The average body fatness was 4.9±12.1%, and 9 patients had a body fatness level of 10~20%. In 5 patients, the body fatness level exceeded 20%. A correlation was observed between body fatness and body fat. Patients in whom body fatness was low often had decided a time for exercise and between-meal snacks with respect to physical activities. Poor control patients had high average body fatness, and the insulin dose was high in relation to body weight. Girls tended to exhibit higher body fatness than boys, even under equal blood glucose control conditions. Girls and boys thought quite differently about body weight, and girls wanted to become an average of 5.6kg thinner compared to their present body weight. Boys, on the other hand, thought that body weight added muscle and wanted to maintain their physique. Some boys had almost no awareness or interest in body weight. Patients who understood that body weight was linked with life style, and arranged their life style accordingly, showed good blood glucose control and proper body weight. Nursing intervention is therefore needed to help patients understand their role in body weight control, considering differences in sex and age, and to gradually lead patients to a proper body weight without them experiencing insulin insufficiency.