霜田 亮祐

The rapid pace of urbanization and the emergence of social challenges, including an aging population and increased labor costs resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, have underscored the urgency to explore smart city solutions. Within these technologically advanced urban environments, zoos have assumed a pivotal role that extends beyond their recreational functions. They face labor cost challenges and ecological considerations while actively contributing to wildlife conservation, environmental education, and scientific research. Zoos foster a connection with nature, promote biodiversity awareness, and offer a valuable space for citizens, thereby directly supporting the pillars of sustainability, public engagement, and technological innovation in smart cities. This study employs a quantitative analysis to assess the alignment between smart projects and the distinctive characteristics of Kyoto Zoo. Through questionnaires, we collected feedback on performance and importance, and subsequently employed the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy integrated evaluation method to obtain quantitative results. The findings reveal the high level of intelligence exhibited by Kyoto Zoo, and the analysis provides insightful guidance that can be applied to other urban facilities. At the same time, we compared Kyoto Zoo with Ueno Zoo to see the difference in intellectualization achievements in different contexts in terms of data and systems.

This paper is based on the two years community-based participatory action research (CBPAR), focusing on Cross-Cultural Design Collaboration (CCDC) landscape design studio, held in Iwase Neighborhood Association area, Matsudo, Japan. We first briefly introduce the problems of Japanese local community and introduce the priorities of collaboration between university and community in Japan. Then, we introduce the Design and Build program, which was incorporated into the Chiba University CCDC studio in 2014. The authors suggest “Students live in the Neighborhood Association” model as an effective way to facilitate the collaborative programs between university and local community. We critically reflect on the process of CCDC landscape design studio held in Iwase, Matsudo city in 2017-2018. Based on that, we provide the recommendations for the implementation of interdisciplinary practical programs in Universities, so they can contribute to the quality of life of local communities utilizing the suggested model.Keywords: community, landscape design, interdisciplinary research, community-based participatory action researcheISBN 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE- Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1491

<p>The purpose of this study is to clarify land improvement method of early collective housing sites developed by Japan housing corporation during 1960's-70's constructed on marshland on Nakagawa lowland in Saitama prefecture - Misato, Yoshikawa, Takesato, and Soka-Matsubara. Those housings are mainly larger scale mid-rise buildings located on Tokyo suburbs and former land-use is paddy field where collective housings had been never built before 1950's since those areas have deep alluvial layer. Through researching original construction drawings including boring survey data archived by UR, qualitative and quantitative value of the land improvement is evaluated. Many collective housing sites have been improved by soft-ground stabilization such as paper drain method and had earth fill up to higher level than flooding. Additionally, in order to construct more than five stories buildings, long piles were driven reaching support layer under the alluvial layer, which means each building footprint has necessary land strength. As landscaping, additional earthworks have been implemented to keep necessary soil depth for tree planting in open spaces. It is considered that development of a collective housing with larger scale at same time on marshland means to form sustainable ground keeping high capability as a living environment with rich planting foundation.</p>

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process of improve method of land use condition in block development collective housing during 1970s as an environmental infrastructure for future urban development on Koto delta area. The swash along canals on Koto delta area had been heavily industrialized since 1880s. Serious land subsidence and land infrastructure development by the industrial area created continuous artificial levee along the canals. The levee has varied form affected by each block urban development after 1970s. Block-development collective housing by Japan Housing Corporation is one of such redevelopment. The quantitative study and verification of planning theory of intensive landscape facilities especially mounded planting area provided a prospect that process of the improvement of land use condition has enhanced both urban environmental structure and residents amenity especially for lowland development in post industrial area.

本研究の対象とする江東デルタ地帯は昭和5年の荒川放水路の完成により形成された、西を隅田川、東を荒川、南を東京湾で囲まれた地域である。明治時代中期以降の工場進出の結果、地下水の過剰揚水による地盤沈下が深刻化し、現在でも東京湾平均海面高度以下の地域のゼロメートル地帯が面積の八割近くを占めている。この地域は、国内の低湿地上の都市のなかでも最も古い時期から運河の開削により人工地形改変を経験した場所であり、また逆に人工地形改変から発生した都市が地盤沈下等の土地の改変をしているという、いわば、人工地形改変と自然条件の相互作用でこれまで都市が形成されてきた場所でもある。本研究では、この江東デルタ地帯における人工運河の水系を軸とした都市環境の構造を水系の改変に伴う土地基盤整備、及び、それと相互作用で成立してきた人工地形改変の変遷と都市開発パターンの関係性を明らかにすることを目的とする。

1950年代後半から60年代にかけての約10年間に日本住宅公団によって開発された初期の住宅団地では,プレイロットの配置と施設設計が造園に関わる業務の中心的な課題のひとつであった。これらの業務を遂行する過程において試行され検証された設計理論の構造を明らかにするとともに,この時期に首都圏において建設された10件の住宅団地を対象とした調査と分析を通じて実証的な検討を行った。初期の公団住宅におけるプレイロットの設計思想は,戦後日本における造園モダニズムの基点のひとつを形成するものであり,同時に民間プロパーにおける造園職能の確立を促すものであったことが確認された。