鈴木 雅之

This paper reports how one Non-profit organization collaborating with tenants and shopping center starts up and manages the community-based business for housing regeneration. The area includes Takasu-danchi and Takahama-danchi developed in 1970s. The non-profit organization made the business model of low price house reform method and shopping support for aged people. Low price reform consists of DIY reform and tenant participation. Shopping support is to carry the commodity bought by aged people to their home. Through the management of this business, it is clear that these methods are useful for housing regeneration.

The main aim of this study is to develop the method of keeping the quality of residential area and the standard of community facilities in the built-up area. The purpose of this study is to materialize and diagram automatically the descriptive model of "Life Area", the area of activity on foot, as fundamental criteria for above aim. The descriptive model is proposed and tested in two actual areas. Through analyzing the form of Life Area, the criteria about the expanse pattern of activities and the organization of residential districts to deepen the understanding of the Life Area's character are conceptualized in several ways.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions and causes of open space of multifamily housing around built-up areas in Tokyo. We sorted open space into two groups; inner and outer open space, and analyzed planning conditions of 59 housing samples. The pattern of inner and outer open space is various. The reason is architectural planning corresponded to various site patterns and following the Tokyo Metropolitan Building Safety Ordinance. The combination of inner and outer open space is 9 patterns. The most of these patterns has problems to plan rational open space in block.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the architectural conditions of urban multifamily housing with common open court designed by London County Council (LCC) between late 20's to 30's. The research method is to analyze the plan and description of 19 samples. Main findings are as follows: (1) Slumed residential area is revitalized to improve the dwelling environment, (2) Building has the open court formed U, W, and OU shape, (3) Open court is used as garden or access, (4) open court as garden is oriented to the road side, (5) Building-to-land ratio is approx. 25.5%, and floor-to-land ratio is approx. 127.5%.

The purpose of this study is to develop housing prototype relevant to the ordinary residential city block inciting the respective renewals of housing. It is presumed that the housing prototype improves the living condition without any change of the existing land ownership. The study consists of the following procedure, which is to set, simulate and evaluate housing prototype as a hypothesis and to propose the prototype as a realizable model.<BR>Three urban unit prototypes;"Self-defense model", "Alley model", and "Court Yard model" are set as the hypothesises. Each prototype is simulated to the housing site in a selected site block in a built-up residential area. As a result of simulation, enough possibility are found."Self-defense model" supplies living amenity limited to a single site."Alley model" creates an openspace like a network of alley in the city block."Court Yard model" creates a court yard in the city block.<BR>According to housing specialist's evaluation, it is indicated that each model had enough possibility as the promising renewal model. Reasoning from specialist's suggestions, finally a variety of ideal architectural image of urban housing units are developed.<BR>To realize the these models, the central and local governments support systems are needed. The utilization and maintenance system of alley and court yard openspace are also important.

Studying recently developed residential blocks with common inner court (1976〜1990) in urban districts of European countries, mainly Germany, we clarified the design motivation, the intended function and several planning data. This paper reports the charecteristics of the building and the dwelling. Main points are as follows ; 1) The building height is desinged so as to be harmonious to existing urban landscape. The feasible and intended density level is realized by adjusting neither building height nor floor ratio, but building ratio. 2) The room allocation to the orientation and the street-court relation is not always stable. But several designers intend that common space for family's daytime activity is arranged to be in south exposure and bedroom is located to direct to the inner court side. 3) The building is designed to contain various type of dwelling,

We studied multifamily housing type with common inner court among recently developed residential Blocks (1976〜1990) in Urban Districts of Western Countries, mainly Germany. Research materials were picked up and arranged in the articles about residential blocks published mostly in architectural periodicals of Europe. Valid samples are 18 cases locating in Germany, France and so on. Main points are as follows ; 1) Main function of the housing is to give the comfortable living environment in urban districts. 2) The common court is designed to be private as well as public space. The court as private garden is safe for children's play and noiseless for family life. 3) The housing block is mostly mixed developed with urban facilities.