和嶋 隆昌

A new carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metals removal was prepared from paper sludge using sulfur impregnation. The sulfur-impregnated carbonaceous adsorbent with heavy metals removal ability can be obtained from sulfur-immersed sludge by pyrolysis. The product "pyrolyzed at 400 degrees C has a maximum removal ability for nickel and lead ions, which has high specific surface area with sulfur-based functional to remove heavy metal ions. The product obtained at 400 degrees C indicates more effective removal for heavy metals ion than commercial charcoal, especially Ni2+ (66.7%) and Pb2+ (71.7%). With increasing pH of the solution, the adsorptions of Ni2+ and Pb2+ were increased and maximum removals of Ni2+ and Pb2+ were 99.6% above pH 7 and 100% above pH 6, respectively, The equilibrium data for nickel ion was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm better than Freundlich isotherm, with the calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 0.63 mmoVg, whereas the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic values, AG, AH and AS, indicated that adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorbent can remove nickel ion from high saline water selectively. The desorption of nickel using H2SO4 solution is the most effective, but the cycle stability of the adsorbent is low. (C) 2017 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A zeolitic adsorbent was synthesized from waste green tuff stone cake by hydrothermal treatment, and its adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution was examined for application in silver ion removal from polluted industrial waters and as a bactericide. The waste cake was composed mainly of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the form of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals, such as quartz, anorthite, muscovite and clinochlore. The cake was treated with 0-10 M NaOH solution at 80,120 and 160 degrees C for 24 h, and analcime, hydroxysodalite and hydroxycancrinite were synthesized. A product with high silver adsorption ability, including analcime, was obtained in 4 M NaOH solution at 160 degrees C. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution during the reaction in 4 M NaOH solution at 160 degrees C explain the synthesis of analcime zeolite phase due to the dissolution of quartz and anorthite in the cake, and Ag adsorption of the product depends on analcime zeolite crystals in the product. The optimal pH for silver adsorption for the product was found to be around 5. The equilibrium silver adsorption capacity was measured and extrapolated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and experimental data were found to fit the Langmuir model. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 1.10 mmol/g shows that this product is suitable for silver uptake from aqueous media. Adsorption kinetics was tested for pseudo-first- and-second-order reactions, and the rate constants Of adsorption for these kinetic models were calculated. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process corresponds to a pseudo-second rather than-first-order kinetics model. With decreasing aqueous solution temperature, the adsorption kinetics become slower and the amount of silver ion adsorbed increases. The thermodynamic values, Delta G degrees, Delta R degrees and Delta S degrees, indicated that adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

For the biomass- To-liquid (BTL) process, pressurized gasification is an option in order to produce synthesis gas. Fixed bed gasification is promising as it results in relatively high conversion efficiencies as compared to other types of gasifiers on a smaller scale. Wood chips are adaptable feedstock for updraft fixed bed gasifiers. In considering whether to use waste materials or the use of powders for gasifiers, adaptability of the feedstock is a concern. For this study, a pressurized updraft fixed bed gasifier was chosen. The experimental setup comprised the gasifier, feedstock hopper, feeder, etc. inside a pressure vessel. Palm kernel shells (PKS) and wood pellets were used as feedstocks in this study. Although PKS is as adaptable feedstock as wood chips for updraft gasifiers, the adaptability of wood pellets, which are a kind of briquette biomass, has not been confirmed. As a result, good gasification was achieved with PKS, whereas problems such as channeling of the gas flow were caused using wood pellets. Such problems were reduced by lowering the bed height of the materials inside the gasifier, which increased the outlet gas temperature.

In this study, a method is presented to decrease halogen compounds in the product oil from thermolysis of polystyrene and polypropylene mixed plastic spiked with tetrabromobisphenol A. A mixture of hydrotalcite and plastic was pyrolyzed in a glass reactor at 400 degrees C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Bromine compounds in the residual substances were measured. The yield of product oil increased using hydrotalcite as an additive. The bromine compounds that were the major ingredients in the oil after thermolysis at 400 degrees C from the mixed plastic, which also included toluene, ethyl benzene, styrene, and 1-methylethyl benzene, were 2-bromohexane, 3-bromo-1-propenyl benzene, 4,5-dibromodecane, 1-bromomethylbenzene, 3-bromophenol, and 4-bromo- 2,6-dimethylbenzaniline. However, bromine compounds were not detected in the product oil, residue, or gas when hydrotalcite was added. After the thermolysis of the plastic, bromine compounds in the product oil may decrease because bromine was captured by the added hydrotalcite.

Tobermorite was synthesized successfully from the ash, which was produced and detoxified from asbesto-containing disaster waste in great east Japan earth quake, by alkali hydrothermal treatment. Tobermorite synthesis was examined as a function of reaction temperature and NaOH concentration. The formation of tobermorite was identified in the product treated with 1-4 M NaOH solution at 130 and 180 degrees C, while no product phases was identified at 80 degrees C. With increasing reaction temperature, intensity of tobermorite phase in the product and Cs+ removal ability of the product increase. The product, which was treated with 4 M NaOH at 180 degrees C for 20 h, revealed the high selective uptake for Cs+ in saline water. The Cs+ uptake of the product was extrapolated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, experimental data are found to fit Langmuir than Freundlich, and the calculated uptake amount was 0.51 mmol/g. The kinetics for Cs+ uptake was tested for pseudo-second order reactions, and the rate constants of uptake were calculated. With increasing temperature of aqueous solution, the kinetics of uptake is almost same and the uptake amount of Cs+ decreases. The product is expected to be used for Cs+ removal from wastewater.

Woody biomass in order to solve the global warming problem, it is expected as a future energy source. Currently, construction waste and thinning material, even as the use of unused wood resources such as forest residue materials, power generation by combustion, gasification, and biochemical conversion typified by a thermochemical conversion and ethanol fermentation, such as liquefied It has been made. In particular the product gas obtained by thermochemical conversion, because it can be used as a fuel gas, an attractive energy source. We aim the action of the catalyst and the adsorption to promote the gasification at a high efficiency, subjected to thermal decomposition of the wood using general dissemination type zeolite. The zeolite was investigated what impact in the thermal decomposition of wood. Moreover, it was aimed to reveal whether is given what effect performs qualitative analysis of the resulting gas. In addition, we expect that the effective utilization of unused wood resources be examined by the present study.

Because of high moisture content, variety of shape, and dispersed source, lots of waste wood biomasses are not used. For promoting their use, briquetting is expected to solve the above problems. We used a fixed-bed gasifier and gasified white pellet, one of the briquette fuels. In a past report, we failed to gasify white pellet in a fixed-bed gasifier, and we guessed pulverization is a cause. In this study, we investigated the effect of pulverization of the pellet inside the gasifier on the gasification performance.

本研究では，産業廃棄物である砕石ケーキの抗菌剤としての有効利用を指向し，アルカリ反応を用いて緑色凝灰岩砕石ケーキから銀イオン担持能をもつゼオライト系物質の調製を試みた。緑色凝灰岩砕石ケーキは石英，長石，白雲母，緑泥石などのケイ酸塩，アルミノケイ酸塩から構成され，ケイ素とアルミニウムを主成分としていた。砕石ケーキを 0-4 M NaOH 溶液中にて 80, 120, 160℃で 24 時間加熱した結果，原料中の石英が溶解する条件で方沸石を含むゼオライト系物質が生成した。方沸石を含む生成物は高い銀イオン吸着能を示した。<br>

This study investigates the preparation of zeolitic material with removal of both NH4 (+) and PO4 (3-) from paper sludge ash (PSA) via acid leaching. PSA typically has a low Si and high Ca content, owing to the presence of calcite fillers. Acid leaching with 3 M HCl was used firstly to reduce the Ca content of the PSA, whereafter a zeolite-P (Na-P) product with high cation exchange capacity (CEC) was synthesized through reaction with 2.5 M NaOH solution at 80 A degrees C. Ca-P zeolitic products were prepared by Ca-treatment with the leachant that had been in contact with the PSA. The product with high CEC capacity including Na-P could be synthesized from the acid-leached ash, and the high Ca content in the ash could be reduced by extraction of the Ca into the leachant via the acid leaching. The Ca-P zeolitic product could be prepared by Ca-treatment with the solution obtained from neutralization of the leachant with NaOH. This product was capable of removing NH4 (+) and PO4 (3-) from aqueous solution, simultaneously.

Polyethylene (HDPE) was pyrolyzed at 450 C using a reflux condenser to produce oil for recycling of waste plastics. HDPE was pyrolyzed in the glass reactor with a reflux condenser, and the reflux condenser was varied from 150 C to 200 C. With increasing the temperature of reflux condenser, the yield of oil increases and the product oil contains the components with higher molecular weight. o o o