大渓 俊幸

BACKGROUND: Autistic people demonstrate focused interests, sensitivity to sensory stimulation, and, compared with the general population, differences in social communication and interaction. We examined whether a combination of the Awareness and Care for My Autistic Traits (ACAT) program and treatment-as-usual is more effective than only treatment-as-usual in increasing the understanding of autistic attributes, reducing treatment stigma, and improving mental health and social adaptation among autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians. METHODS: Forty-nine adolescents and their parents/guardians were randomly assigned to either a combination of ACAT and treatment-as-usual or only treatment-as-usual. The combined group received six weekly 100-minute ACAT sessions, while the treatment-as-usual group received no additional intervention. The primary outcome was the change in understanding of autistic attributes (Autism Knowledge Quiz-Child), administered from pre- to post-intervention. The secondary outcomes included the change in Autism Knowledge Quiz-Parent, reduced treatment stigma, and improved mental health and social adaptation among autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians. A primary outcome measure scale was scored by assessors who were blind to the group assignment. RESULTS: The combined group (both autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians) showed an increase in Autism Knowledge Quiz scores compared to those in the treatment-as-usual group. Autistic adolescents in the combined group also demonstrated a decrease in treatment-related stigma and an improvement in general mental health compared to those in the treatment-as-usual group, while there were no group differences in the change in social adaptation. For parents/guardians, there were no group differences in the change in treatment-related stigma, general mental health, adaptive skills, or attitudes toward their children. CONCLUSIONS: The ACAT program could be an effective treatment modality to increase the understanding of autistic attributes among both autistic adolescents and their parents/guardians. The ACAT program positively affects self-understanding, reduces treatment stigma, and stabilizes behavioral issues for autistic adolescents as a part of mental health measures, but it does not effectively reduce treatment barriers or improve mental health for parents/guardians. Further research should consider whether additional support for parents/guardians could be beneficial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in UMIN (UMIN000029851, 06/01/2018).

治療中の疾患がない本学学生で本研究に同意が得られた87名(男性52名、女性35名)を対象に、個人属性、体組成、腹部エコー所見、臨床検査値などについて調査し、ALT高値に影響を与える因子、脂肪肝に影響を与える因子について、それぞれ多変量解析を行った。結果、ALT高値に有意な影響を与える因子として「性別(男性)」と「体脂肪率(25%以上)」が抽出され、脂肪肝に有意な影響を与える因子として「毎週の運動習慣」が抽出された。腸内細菌叢解析を行い、「脂肪肝の有無」を含む諸因子との関連性について解析した結果、「脂肪肝の有無」で菌叢構成に有意な違いは認められず、「運動習慣の有無」で菌叢構成や菌の多様性に有意な違いが認められた。

本学では、毎年入学時に実施している定期接種歴の調査に、2022年度は臨時接種である新型コロナワクチン接種歴を加えて調査した。今回、2022年度学部入学生2439名のうち、予防接種記録を提出し、かつ本研究に同意が得られた2278名を対象に、新型コロナワクチン接種状況について検討した。同年4月2日時点で2回以上接種していたのは2027名(89.0%)で、接種回数の内訳は3回接種者が155名(全体の6.8%)、2回接種が1872名(82.2%)、1回接種が12名(0.5%)であった。2回以上の接種率を学部別にみると、看護学部が最も高く93.8%、最も低いのは理学部の82.1%であった。3回接種率は医学部が最も高く13.8%であった。