佐藤 公信

This study investigated the wayfinding strategy and efficiency. Experiments involving 44 participants (22 Japanese and 22 Taiwanese nationals) were conducted in Tamsui, Taiwan and Yokohama, Japan. Experimental tools included electronic and paper maps. Participants were in an unfamiliar environment, understood environmental information differently, and used different navigation tools. The researchers recorded the participants' walking time, path, and the number of turns from the starting point to the destination. SPSS statistical software was used to conduct one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed the following. First, when navigating linear roads and being uncertain about the accessibility of map-presented roads, relative to local participants, foreign participants were more likely to choose roads that were at the exit of the MRT station and take more identifiable roads. Second, all participants used landmarks when navigating intersecting parallel roads, but participants who used paper maps were more likely to use obvious buildings as landmarks. Third, in the wayfinding process, participants who used both electronic and paper maps made more turns when wayfinding in a familiar environment than in an unfamiliar environment. Participants familiar with the navigation tool exhibited a lower walking time.

This study investigates the influence of nationality, ages, and address systems on the use of digital maps in wayfinding. Examining how user—whether they are merely browsing maps or actively trying to find a destination—perceive and interact with their environments. Also, assessing the current problems is regarded digital maps, comparing user experiences of participants from different nationalities, age groups, and genders through a questionnaire. The subjects are Taiwanese and Japanese, and either in their 20s or above the age of 60. The crucial result is focusing on results of determined and undetermined destination how the users operate digital maps. In principal component analysis, age of 20s user have four factors influence digital map functions: (1) Orientation; (2) Advice Tip; (3) Decision Making, and (4) Atmosphere. But for user who are above 60s, they are categorized three factors: (1) Tourism Tip; (2) Orientation; and (3) Surrounding. When 20s go for traveling the orientation will be essential information, nevertheless user who is above 60 sees Tourism Tip as priority.

<p>This study investigates the influence of nationality, ages, and address systems on the use of digital maps in wayfinding. The examination shows how user-whether they are merely browsing maps or actively trying to find a destination-perceive and interact with their environments. Also, assessing the current problems regarding digital maps. It compares user experiences of participants from different nationalities, age groups, and genders through a questionnaire. The subjects are from Taiwan and Japan, and either in their 20s or above the age of 60. Through a Chi-square test, some significant differences between nationality, age, and sex was revealed. For example, Taiwanese use street names, landmarks, and outward appearances of destinations to help them confirm their own position. When user above the age of 60 try to establish their location, they rely on three aids. In principal component analysis, four factors influence digital map functions: (1) Orientation; (2) Tourism Information; (3) Atmosphere; and (4) Checking Information. In these usability problems, especially three wayfinding aids and the factors of operating map, which means the map should not only be considerate as a tool that all kind of people can understand and how user interact among themselves, map and environment. And the order and wayfinding aids can be set as following the three wayfinding tasks for different kind of groups of users to have a more comfortable and usable map using experience.</p>

This study was conducted in the city of Yokohama, which has featured several charming tourist attractions such as China town and old Western-style historical buildings, as the place of study to investigate the difference between tourists using paper maps and those using digital maps in their movement behaviors. And both foreign and local participants were engaged in the study to explore the travel movement effects of participants with diverse experience and backgrounds. This study found that the paper map group traveled fewer repeated roads and had a higher circuitous movement rate in terms of walking distance. In terms of cognitive maps, the number of drafted attractions was larger in the paper map group than in the electronic map group. However, the attraction location accuracy as drafted by the electronic map group was higher than that of the paper map group. In the mirror-image discrimination test, the paper map group fully recognized more attraction photographs than did the electronic map group. The accuracy of the drafted attraction locations was higher for foreign participants than for local participants. The foreign participants had recognized more photographs than the local participants did.

本稿では、育児における親子相互のよりよい関係をつくりだすきっかけとなる事物・行為の相互関連性、及び親子のコミュニケーションの促進に何が重要な役割として認識されていているのかレベルを示すために、ISM 法を用いて構造化を試みた。さらに、日常的に子どもが触れる既存の製品に着目し、子どもの発達に与える影響について、数量化Ⅲ類、及びクラスター分析を用いて類型化し特徴を明らかすることを試みた。その結果、触覚感は人とモノだけにとどまらず、人と人とのコミュニケーションの活性化につながる触媒として、重要な役割があり、触覚をコミュニケーションの形成要因としてデザインへ適用していくためには、１. 応答性の高い素材として触覚感を誘発し行動を促す。２. 遊びの行動を促し活動を展開できる場を形成する。３. コミュニケーションを活性化する触媒としての役割を持たせる。の３要因があることが示唆された。