Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 82(1) 1-6 2000年2月16日
Water uptake from 5 layers of soil strata was estimated with the multi-layered root-system model. In early stage, water was mainly absorbed from upper soil layer. Along the process of soil-dehydration, the main absorbing layer shifted down. The conductance of water-uptake apparently decreased below the lento-capillary point of soil. As the soil was dried, the resistance from stem to leaf was kept of the low level, but the resistance from soil to stem much increased. It is possibly due to the increase of the resistance in the interface between soil and root surface.
In order to clarify the effects of tree species on organic matter dynamics in soil, we investigated the amount of forest floor material, leaf litter decomposition rate, soil chemical characteristics, soil respiration rate and cellulose decomposition rate in a Japanese cedar forest (cedar plot) and an adjacent Japanese red pine forest (pine plot) established on a flatland. The amount of forest floor material in the cedar plot was 34.5 Mg ha-1 which was greater than that in the pine plot. Because the leaf litter decomposition rate was higher in the pine plot than in the cedar plot, it is likely that the difference in the amount of forest floor material between the plots is caused by the difference in the leaf litter decomposition rate. The C concentrations of soil in the cedar plot were 1.2-2.1 times higher than those in the pine plot. Soil pH(H2O)s in the cedar plot were significantly higher than those in the pine plot. The soil respiration rates and the rates of mineralized C in the cedar plot by in vitro incubation were higher than those in the pine plot. From this result, it is assumed that soil organic matter in the cedar plot was decomposed relatively faster compared with the pine plot. Furthermore, microbial activities, which were reflected as cellulose decomposition rates in the cedar plot, were higher than those in the pine plot.
Unusual weather during the summers of 1990's was detrimental to forests and crops. The scientists responsible for the observed forest decline have not been identified, and still trying to find the causes. In this study, measurements of leaf spectral reflectance, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance of Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. (Natsutsubaki) seedlings were carried to detect an indicator of plant water status. Reflectance on infrared wavelength increased with decreasing leaf water content. The slope and inflection point position of the red edge reflectance feature was determined by calculating the first derivative of the spectral curve. A distinctive blue shift, defined here as a shift of the red edge inflection point to shorter wavelengths, is seen in reflectance data from samples collected of the water deficient seedlings. Stress index (SI) was also derived from leaf spectral reflectance data. The photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were affected by low water potential, and these parameters decreased with increasing SI value. The relationships between the physiological parameters of tree seedlings and SI derived from remote sensing data suggest that SI value is useful for detecting and monitoring stress status of forests.
Unusual weather during the summers of 1990's was detrimental to forests and crops. The scientists responsible for the observed forest decline have not been identified, and still trying to find the causes. In this study, measurements of leaf spectral reflectance, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance of <I>Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim.</I> (Natsutsubaki) seedlings were carried to detect an indicator of plant water status. Reflectance on infrared wavelength increased with decreasing leaf water content. The slope and inflection point position of the red edge reflectance feature was determined by calculating the first derivative of the spectral curve. A distinctive blue shift, defined here as a shift of the red edge inflection point to shorter wavelengths, is seen in reflectance data from samples collected of the water deficient seedlings. Stress index (SI) was also derived from leaf spectral reflectance data. The photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were affected by low water potential, and these parameters decreased with increasing SI value. The relationships between the physiological parameters of tree seedlings and SI derived from remote sensing data suggest that SI value is useful for detecting and monitoring stress status of forests.
H. Takizawa, J. Kubota, T. Kobayashi, Y. Tsukamoto
Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 78 66-73 1996年12月1日
To clarify the variation of the stored water of sapwood with transpiration, the water budget of Cryptomeria japonica D. DON was determined by weighing a suspended cut tree (Fig. 2), 9 m tall, and making water potentials measurements during four consecutive experiments. The changes of water in the sapwood were estimated by deducting the changes in foliage calculated by the leaf water potentials from the total change in the sample. The diurnal variations of transpiration and water uptake were measured for the cut tree at the ground surface and for only the crown part, without the trunk, of 4.3 m. The results showed that the diurnal variations of the water uptake occurred one hour later than the variation of the transpiration near the peaks in each experiment. This means that the sapwood of the crown had more moveable water than did the trunk having the cut condition. In this process, there is a logarithmic relationship between the sapwood water potential and the relative water content in the sapwood of the crown.
The population structure and water relations of Artemisia ordosica were studied at different stages of the sand dune fixation process. Vegetation coverage and biomass increased as the sand dune fixation process progressed. In contrast, individual growth rate decreased in the late fixation stage. On fixed sand dunes the modal age of A. ordosica plants was higher and seedlings or saplings were rarely observed. On active sand dunes, settlement of seedlings was regulated by sand mobility; that is, seedlings were observed only when sand mobility was below 10 cm per year. Leaf transpiration was highest in active sand dunes. Stand transpiration in feted sand dunes was lower than in semi-fixed sand dunes. These differences in transpiration were related to a decrease in soil water availability, which was affected by the increase in the aeolian fine soil component during the course of sand dune fixation. The reduction in soil water status and the cessation of sand movement were considered to be important factors in the decline of the Artemisia ordosica community.