In this aricle, cost sharing principles in environmental policy, including polluter pays principle and extended producer responsibility, are reviewed. And the idea of designer responsibility is proposed as a rational outcome of recent trend in this area. The principle of designer responsibility is defined as those who determines the design of an artificial material have to reasonably consider the environmental effects of the life cycle of the material, before deciding the design. This principle is applied to environmental problems caused by artificial materials, including non-durable goods, durable goods, houses, buildings and infrastructures.
This paper consists of three parts. In the first chapter, how economic literatures have dealt with waste is reviewed. Among them, Leivenstein's notion of X-efficiency, Hosoda's discussion of goods and bads, general equilibrium model of Fullerton=Wu and others are considered. In the second parts, it is discussed how economics have treated the notion of Service, and presented the notion of Canned Service, which sees products as canned services. In the last chapter, a economic model is considered to discribe how producers and consumers act in the world of Canned Service. In the model, a product has two attributes, amount of service and amount of material. Also in the last chapter, it is considered why this model is useful.