谷田貝 麻美子

<p>Recently, affordable desktop digital fabrication tools such as 3D printers and laser cutters, and design data sharing via the Internet have been maximizing the potential for personal production. The purpose of this study is to elucidate an overview of Fab Labs in Japan and the extent of their support for beginners in digital fabrication. We conducted field research at 8 Fab Labs in Japan, the first research of multiple Fab Labs conducted by an external research team. The research included site visits, interviews with the managers of Fab Labs, and observations of instructor-led lessons and "open labs". Field research results showed the current state of difficulties for beginners, support activities for them, and knowledge sharing practice in Fab Labs in Japan. Regarding the first difficulty, "preparing design data", instructor-led lessons and guidance on reuse of shared data appeared to be useful to them. Regarding the second difficulty, "developing a plan of work", reference to work produced by others and sharing knowledge generally, provides hints for beginners. Communication amongst participants at the "open lab" was also recognized as a support for beginners.</p>

<p><tt>乳がん手術によって片方の乳房を喪失（全摘）した女性のために，温熱的に快適な補整用パッドの水分特性を明らかにした．乳がん術後女性</tt>6<tt>人を被験者として用いた．実験用のパッド素材として，シリコンゲル，ウレタンフォーム，綿わたおよびポリエステルわたを使用した．着用実験の結果，吸湿性および透湿性がほぼゼロであるシリコンパッド装着時において，パッド内湿度が最も高く，パッド内温度が最も低かった．また，その生理応答として，口腔温および平均皮膚温が歩行後に急激に上昇することがわかった．吸湿性および透湿性が高かった綿パッド装着時には，実験中最も湿度が低かった．パッド素材の水分特性として，透湿性が高いことを前提に，高い水分率をもつ素材からなるパッドおよびパッドカバーが適切であることがわかった</tt><tt>． </tt></p>