佐藤 浩一郎

This paper describes discussions about a framework of design methodology based on emergent design and optimum design. Concretely, a framework of design methodology is proposed by introducing a viewpoint considering the design process and a framework of design theory (Multispace design model) to emergent design and optimum design. Emergent design has a bottom up process and top down process as seen in Emergence. On the other hand, the optimum design has a top down process, which possesses reductionistic features. As a result, it is described how design methods can be grouped into two categories: an emergent-focus method and optimum-focus method. Moreover, two effects are discussed on the basis of the proposed framework.

In this paper, in the aim of applying Value Growth Design to artifacts design, we investigate artifacts which show a growth in value, and employ cluster analysis to extract the features of Value Growth Design. Value Growth Design enables an object to increase its value over time, and is based on a new design paradigm, Timeaxis Design. The case study reveals a total of 6 patterns throughout an object's lifetime, and the relationship between the elements of each pattern is investigated. This produces the main factors of value growth, which is contributory to the design of value growing artifacts. The application of Value Growth Design to artifacts design can enable the long-term usage of artifacts, and can also become a possible solution to multifaceted issues such as environmental problems and the demand for spiritual richness.

Beginning in the 19th century, Engineering Design (E.D) and Industrial Design (I.D) have started its division of labor. In the 20th century, each field continued to develop and began its specialization. Due to the division and specialization of each field, artifacts have become large and complex in recent years, causing countless environmental issues and man made disasters. In addition, it has become difficult to solve these problems with a single field. One way to solve these problems are the unification of both E.D and I.D. Though, there are only few research comparing and analyzing both fields from an integrated point of view. Thus, in this research, a comparative analysis of E.D and I.D is done from an integrated point of view using the M model. Based on the M model, weather each research paper deals with the objects value space, meaning space, state space, circumstance, and attribute space are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, E.D showed a high ratio in the attribute space, state space, and circumstance, and a low ratio in value and meaning. On the other hand, the ratio of dealing with attribute and meaning space is high in the field of I.D, and the ratio of dealing with value, state, and circumstance is low. Furthermore, by comparing both fields of research, it showed a complementary relation in the point of meaning, state, and circumstance.

Most conventional industrial product's value is at its maximum at the time of purchase, and starts decreasing until its disposal. Therefore, the lifecycle of products tend to be short, which leads to mass production and mass consumption harming the environment. In order to face this issue, a methodology, which aims to increase products value, is proposed as the Value Growth Design. In a previous study, we proposed the concept of Value Growth Mobility that has two basic systems: a Core Module System and a Service System. This paper describes the development of a Service System supporting mobility's value growth. To develop the Service System, a system development method integrating the Multispace Design Method and System Modeling Language (SysML) is used. The Multispace Design Method is a design method based on a Multispace Design Model that can describe various behaviors of design from the common perspective. SysML is a modeling language that supports a development of the large-scale and complicated system by diagram description. By applying the method integrating the Multispace Design Method and SysML, a new Service System that considers psychological elements including sense of attachment and intimacy that the user gains toward the vehicle is proposed. Additionally, the design of subsystems to realize this Service System is discussed.

The circumstances of artifacts have changed in recent years. Artifacts must be designed to reduce the environmental impact due to the deteriorating environment. Additionally, due to globalization and the uniformity of culture, artifacts must meet diverse definitions of value which change as time goes by. Therefore, the way of design needs to adopt the viewpoint of time. Value Growth Design enables artifacts to increase its value over time, and is based on a new design paradigm, Timeaxis Design. Timeaxis Design incorporates the viewpoint of time into the theory and methodology of design. However, only a few works have considered the application of Value Growth Design to actual artifacts. Herein, we investigate existing Value Growth Design cases, and employ cluster analysis to extract the features of Value Growth Design. The case studies revealed that there exist several patterns throughout an artifact's lifetime, suggesting that a detailed investigation may lead to the application of Value Growth Design.

Due to the specialization and professionalization of design work, sharing product information between members of a product development team is a crucial aspect of the design process. One method to effectively share information between members is Quality Function Deployment (QFD), which uses quality charts to describe the relationships between design elements. This paper proposes new type of QFD on the basis of the multispace design model, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and Design Structure Matrix (DSM). The proposed QFD (called multispace QFD ) allows designers to extract design elements with respect to diverse requirements and give design information (designer's idea) to other designers and enables them to easily construct a process of redesign or design change without an inadequate designing order causing the design reconsideration. Additionally, a design example is presented to demonstrate the proposed M-QFD.

This paper describes efficiency of introducing a modification method that we proposed into a system for deriving diverse design solutions Moreover, the guideline of system parameter is proposed so as to utilize the effect that the modification method brings The system for deriving diverse design solutions can derive diverse and novel forms However, most of the forms that have novel shapes are inapplicable as solutions because of their low mechanical characteristics For this reason, we have proposed a modification method by increasing and decreasing elements to reinforce the forms. Though, the effect of the modification method is not clear, and the guideline of system parameter is not provided Therefore, we make the effect of the modification method clear by comparing the solutions derived by the system with the modification method and the solutions derived by system without the modification method Moreover, we provide the guideline of parameter so as to utilize the effect that the modification method brings.

This paper describes a design method using serendipity. Serendipity is defined as a natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident. It is considered that it becomes easier to assign new value and meaning to design idea if we can use this serendipity on generating design ideas. In the past study, we proposed emergent design system. In this system, it is expected that designers' serendipity is emerged by showing them incidentally-derived diverse design solutions. Therefore, we aim for constructing a design system which emerge serendipity between man and machine. In this research, we propose emergent design system which can use serendipity between man and machine by introducing interactive function. Also, we performed form generation experiments to analyze the effect of using serendipity on generating new design ideas.

This paper describes a value growth design methodology and an unsteady and non-equilibrium system design methodology, which is one of a typical means to embody a timeaxis design. The timeaxis design is a new design, which introduced time axis into the theory and methodology of design. The value growth design is a design, which appreciate in value with time progress. On the other hand, an unsteady and non-equilibrium system design is design, which focuses on transition period. Moreover, as a means for realizing of these designs, a bio-inspired technology and service technology are described. Finally, a new possibility by using the timeaxis design is indicated.

This paper describes a value growth design which is one of a typical means to embody atimeaxis design. The timeaxis design is a new design which introduced time axis into the theory andmethodology of design. On the other hand, the value growth design is a design which appreciatesin value with time progress. Clarification of the feature in value growth of artifacts and analysis tocase research or literature documentation are performed in order to be contributory to construct avalue growth design methodology. Moreover, the value growth design model based on these resultsis proposed. Additionally, viewpoints considered to be useful to the proposed value growth designmodel are discussed.

This paper describes modification method which satisfies the design conditions such as strength. In the past study, we proposed a system for deriving diverse solutions which has two processes. We generated diverse forms in the first process and derived diverse solutions by structure optimization to each forms in the second process. In structural design, evaluation items such as mechanical characteristics are the important factors, and solutions which satisfy the value of evaluation items become applicable solution. The diversity of applicable solutions decreases comparing with derived all solutions. Most of solutions which are not applicable are geometrically novel in form characteristic. It can be inferred that if we can modify these forms to applicable solutions, the diversity of applicable solutions would increase. Therefore, we propose a modification method which satisfies the evaluation standard by increasing and decreasing elements and apply the method to not applicable solutions and possibility of increasing the diversity of solutions is shown by using this method.

In the design of the 21st century, it is important to consider the diversity of circumstance and sense of values and those timeaxis changes. However, it is thought that correspondence becomes difficult in the method used to design an existing artifact to which value declines as time passes. To solve it, the timeaxis design is advocated as a paradigm of a new design corresponding to the diversity of circumstance and sense of values and those timeaxis changes. This text is to be shown the concept of the timeaxis design corresponding to the timeaxis change of the artifact and circumstance, and to make a proposal of the timeaxis design model based on multispace design model, in addition to its application.

In innovation thinking, creation and idea generation capability attract attention in recent years. This research focuses on the idea generation method of designers who visualize abstract expression of the concept in a beautiful product. In it, we focus on the display technique which many designers utilize. The comparative analysis was made for the purpose of analysis of the relation between drawing skill and the design idea generation. Furthermore, based on the multi-space design model which is a framework of design theory, the role of the display technique in the design idea generation was analyzed. The result checked the conversion function to the attribute expression from abstract expression. And the tendency which develops and displays many appearance attributes from a structure attribute was shown.

In order to deal with the ultra multi-degrees of freedom (DOF) dynamical system, this paper proposes a design methodology for control scheme of ultra multi-DOF dynamical system, which is inspired from emergence of living organisms. With this methodology, a specific function appears to the system only using local interactions of its components. In order to introduce the advantage of emergence to the behavior design of ultra multi-DOF dynamical system, we set the dynamical system as the autonomous decentralized system, and control it with bottom-up scheme, i.e. by setting the local rules for each DOF. We simplify the ultra multi-DOF dynamical system as 242-DOF mass system. Subsystems (point mass) could be connected with the neighboring subsystems by linear actuators. Then, we set local rules to connect/disconnect actuators to realize specific functions. As results of numerical computations, these functions are successfully emerged.

In the early design process, diverse design ideas must be obtained from global solution search under the constraint of unclear design conditions. Because it is difficult to apply the conventional engineering design in the early design process, the emergent design method is proposed as a design method that can be applied in the early design process by a conventional research. Moreover, the emergent design system that can generate diverse three dimensional forms is proposed as an application of the emergent design method. To obtain diverse design solutions, this system should appropriately set the parameters with the application case. However, it cannot judge whether the value of the obtained parameters are the best because the parameters are decided by trial and error. In this research, the parameters that influences the diversity of form was extracted, and it aimed to show the knowledge of extracted parameter for the diversity of generated form and the setting method of these parameters. Therefore, the parameter of this system was assumed to be a factor, and an analysis of variance was conducted, and the parameters, which influence the diversity of generated form, were extracted. Moreover, it was analyzed to clarify the relationship to the diversity of form and extracted parameters, and the conditions about these parameters setting were shown.