矢口 貴志

Ubiquinone profiles of 25 strains of Talaromyces were determined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Together with data of earlier authors, examination of the most recently described species allowed us to solve some taxonomic problems in the intrageneric classification. Ubiquinone Q-10(H2) was found in the majority of Talaromyces species with a Penicillium anamorph, which are mostly placed in series Flavi and Lutei of section Talaromyces. Flavi and Lutei are closely related and homogeneous taxa based on their morphological characters used in the section. However, exceptional profiles were consistently shown by T. trachyspermus and the allied taxa of series Trachyspermi of the section Talaromyces, in which a mixture of Ubiquinone Q-10(H2) and Ubiquinone Q-10(H4) was found. Thus the accommodation of T. trachyspermus and the allied taxa in the section Talaromyces was not supported by their Ubiquinone systems. Trachyspermi is distinguished from other taxa of Talaromyces by its production of white ascomata and rapid growth at 37°C. A new section, Trachyspermus, is proposed herein. Section Emersonii showed heterogeneity the Ubiquinone profiles (Q-10(H2) or Q-10 and Q-10(H2)) in Talaromyces with a Geosmithia anamorph were relatively homogeneous, whereas those of another group with a Paecilomyces anamorph were considerably variable. Only Talaromyces with a Geosmithia anamorph can be placed in the section Emersonii.

A new variety of Thermoascus, Thermoascus crustaceus var. verrucosus, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by producing prominently verrucose ascospores. The other characters are almost identical with those of the type variety. Leucothecium coprophilum, a rare ascomycete that has only previously been reported from Spain, is recorded from soils in Taiwan and Korea. © 1995, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

Aspergillus taichungensis isolated from a soil sample collected in Taiwan is described as a new species. The new species is characterized by its restricted growth on Czapek's and malt extract agars and its white to light yellow colonies, radiate conidial heads, smooth and often diminutive conidiophores, hemispherical to elongate vesicles with biseriate aspergilla (conidiogenous cells), globose, micro-verrucose conidia and dark brown sclerotia. The species somewhat resembles A. versicolor, A. terreus and A. flavipes, but differs in cultural and morphological details, and is considered to represent an interface species in the subgenus Nidulantes. © 1995, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

Two new species of Talaromyces, isolated from soils in Taiwan and Japan, are described and illustrated. Talaromyces eburneus, associated with a Geosmithia anamorph, is characterized by off-white colony on oatmeal agar, small pale yellow ascomata, and subglobose to ovoid ascospores with a smooth wall. Talaromyces muroii is characterized by restricted growth on Czapek agar, luteous ascomata, which are initiated by paired gametangia like those seen in members of the series Flavi, ellipsoidal and nearly smooth ascospores, and the absence of an anamorph. © 1994, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

A new variety of Talaromyces, T. wortmanniivar, sublevisporus, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by producing nearly smooth-walled ascospores. The other characters are almost identical with those of the type variety. Based on observations of several strains including the authentic ones, T. assiutensis is considered a finely rough-spored variety of T. trachyspermus. © 1994, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

Erythrogymnotheca, a new genus of the Eurotiales, is proposed. The genus, based on the single species E. paucispora, is characterized by non-ostiolate ascomata with a telaperidium composed of an envelope of yellowish or reddish, branched, thin-walled hyphae, 1-2(-4)-spored asci, one-celled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, thick-walled ascospores with spines, and the absence of an anamorph. The ascomatal initials of E. paucispora are long c|avate to vermiform, and reminiscent of those of Talaromyces flavus. © 1994, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

A new insecticidal compound PF1018 was isolated from the culture broth of Humicola sp. It exhibited insecticidal activity against a wide range of critical pest species. The structure of PF1018 was determined to be (7aS)-2-((2E)-l-hydroxy-3-((1S, 3aR, 4R, 5R, 7aR)-3a, 4, 5, 7a-tetrahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-5, 1-((3S)-(Z)-2, 3-dimethylpropeno)-1H-inden-4-yl)-2-propenylidene)pyrrolizidine 1, 3-dione, by NMR spectral analyses coupled with X-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical degradation study. © 1994, JAPAN ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. All rights reserved.

Two interesting species of cleistothecial Ascomycetes with Aspergillus anamorphs are described: Fenneliia flavipes and Neosartorya stramenia, Both species were isolated from soil smaples collected in 1992 as a new record to Japan. © 1994, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

A new species of Neosartorya, N. multiplicata (anam. Aspergillus multiplicatus), isolated from soil collected at Houli, Taichung, in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its restricted growth on Czapek agar, white ascomata, nearly globose ascospores with ribbed surface ornamentation of several linear ridges, and a limited development of conidia on common media. A key to all accepted species of the genus is provided. © 1994, Mycological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

The novel anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide PF1022A was isolated from cultured mycelia of Mycelia Sterilia PF1022 (FERM BP-2671). It showed strong anthelmintic activities against Ascaridia galli in chickens. The structure of PF1022A was determined to be cyclo(D-lactyl-L-N-methylleucyl-D-3-phenyllactyl-L-N-methylleucyl-D-lactyl-L-N-methylleucyl-D-3-phenyllactyl-L-N-methylleucyl) by spectroscopic analyses and chemical studies.

Intraspecific protoplast fusion was carried out between different citric acid-producing strains of Aspergillus niger. Protoplasts prepared from the mycelia of auxotrophic mutants were treated in 30% (w/v) polyethylene glycol solution containing 0.01 M CaCl2 and 0.5 M KCl, and fusion frequencies were 2.0-6.3%. Fusants were heterokaryons and in some cases formed sectors of the prototroph. Heterodiploids were induced from a heterokaryon by d-camphor treatment. Citric acid productivity of one heterodiploid was intermediate between those of parent strains in both shaking and solid cultures. © 1986.