中口 俊哉

千葉大学で2020-2021年に実施したオンラインでの大規模IPEについて、4段階の段階的プログラムのうち初学年を対象とした"Step1"での協働学習と体験学習に焦点を当てて報告する。協働学習では、オンデマンド型ツールのみ使用したグループと同時双方向性ツールと併用したグループ間の比較で、学生のグループワーク自己評価得点の平均が併用グループの方が有意に高い結果であった(p<0.05)。教員評価得点には有意差はなく、オンデマンド型ツールを用いた学習では特に教員からの肯定的フィードバックが必要と思われた。体験学習に関しては、患者・サービス利用者とのメールおよび同時双方向性ツールを用いたインタビュー学習について実施上の課題を報告した。学生の各種ICTツールへのリテラシー状況のアセスメント、患者・サービス利用者の個人情報保護のさらなる徹底が課題である。(著者抄録)

舌診は舌特徴を捉え,簡便かつ非侵襲的に健康状態を把握する診断法であるが,医師の主観や経験に依存するため,定量化が求められている.本研究ではドライマウスや口腔疾患を誘発するシェーグレン症候群(SS)について,診断支援を目的に舌画像に基づく解析を行った.SS患者19名を含む,計60名において舌画像を取得した.舌形状規格化のため,舌を5角形に近似し同一の解析領域を指定した.舌色をCIELAB空間で取得しSupport Vector Machine,Random Forest,Logistic Regressionを訓練した.SVMが最も高い性能を示し,交差検証における平均精度71.3%,感度57.5%,特異度78.1%となった.本手法は現行の診断基準の一つである唾液量検査と比較し同等の診断性能を示しており,衛生面と簡便性において優位であるため,コロナ禍に適した新たな診断法となることが示唆された.(著者抄録)

千葉大学で2020-2021年に実施したオンラインでの大規模IPEについて、4段階の段階的プログラムのうち初学年を対象とした"Step1"での協働学習と体験学習に焦点を当てて報告する。協働学習では、オンデマンド型ツールのみ使用したグループと同時双方向性ツールと併用したグループ間の比較で、学生のグループワーク自己評価得点の平均が併用グループの方が有意に高い結果であった(p<0.05)。教員評価得点には有意差はなく、オンデマンド型ツールを用いた学習では特に教員からの肯定的フィードバックが必要と思われた。体験学習に関しては、患者・サービス利用者とのメールおよび同時双方向性ツールを用いたインタビュー学習について実施上の課題を報告した。学生の各種ICTツールへのリテラシー状況のアセスメント、患者・サービス利用者の個人情報保護のさらなる徹底が課題である。(著者抄録)

In plastic surgery, free tissue graft procedures are an essential part of fixing tissue-lack injuries or diseases. However, tissue necrosis caused by vascular occlusions or poor vascular anastomosis is a severe problem for prognosis. Follow-up surgery in the early-stage of necrosis caused by congestion or ischemia is essential to salvage the tissue, but making a diagnosis is difficult because of the slight features of these states. Therefore, a diagnosis support system that can capture the features of blood circulation of the skin flap is required to improve prognosis. We focused on system design and analysis by using spectral characteristics of blood circulation of a skin flap for this purpose. The system to be constructed is composed of a two-channel narrow-band illuminant and a color camera and can capture six-channel spectral signals. The narrow-band illuminant is designed by combining 13 kinds of light-emitting diode (LED) spectra. In this study, we first measured reflectance spectra of the early-stage skin flap necrosis of the rat model to design the narrow-band illuminant spectra. We blocked the flow of the target vessel and observed necrosis progression. A prototyped skin flap chamber was used for stable observation of spectral reflectance measurements. An evaluation experiment was conducted using a color camera and the spectrally tunable light source. Skin flap images were captured under the designed-illuminants and a conventional illuminant reproduced by the spectrally tunable light source. We confirmed the effectiveness of the designed system by improvements in necrosis region detection.

The fuzzy commitment scheme (FCS) is one of the most effective biometric cryptosystems (BCs) that provide secure management of cryptographic keys using biometric templates. In this scheme, error correcting codes (ECCs) are firstly employed to encode a cryptographic key into a codeword which is then secured via linking (committing) it with a biometric template of the same length. Unfortunately, the key length is constrained by the size of the adopted biometric template as well as the employed ECC(s). In this paper, we propose a secure iris template protection scheme that combines cancelable biometrics with the FCS in order to secure long cryptographic keys without sacrificing the recognition accuracy. First, we utilize cancelable biometrics to derive revocable templates of large sizes from the most reliable bits in iris codes. Then, the FCS is applied to the obtained cancelable iris templates to secure cryptographic keys of the desired length. The revocability of cryptographic keys as well as true iris templates is guaranteed due to the hybridization of both techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid system can achieve high recognition accuracy regardless of the key size.

&lt;p&gt;This paper aims to perform projector-based shape measurement and augmented reality (AR) in parallel for surgical navigation. Hence, it proposes a shape measurement method which projects AR image and structured light at the same time by embedding structured light into AR image. We evaluated the measurement error by changing the shape of the target object and amplitude. Besides, we evaluated the perception threshold of the embedded pattern by changing frequency and amplitude.&lt;/p&gt;

Partial intestinal obstruction causes smooth muscle hypertrophy, enteric neuronal plasticity, motility disorders, and biomechanical remodeling. In this study we characterized the stimulus-response function of afferent fibers innervating the partially obstructed jejunum. A key question is whether changes in afferent firing arise from remodeled mechanical tissue properties or from adaptive afferent processes. Partial obstruction was created by placing a polyethylene ring for 2 wk in jejunum of seven rats. Sham obstruction was made in six rats and seven rats served as normal controls. Firing from mesenteric afferent nerve bundles was recorded during mechanical ramp, relaxation, and creep tests. Stress-strain, spike rate increase ratio (SRIR), and firing rate in single units were assessed for evaluation of interdependency of the mechanical stimulations, histomorphometry data, and afferent nerve discharge. Partial intestinal obstruction resulted in hypertrophy and jejunal stiffening proximal to the obstruction site. Low SRIR at low strains during fast distension and at high stresses during slow distension was found in the obstructed rats. Single unit analysis showed increased proportion of mechanosensitive units but absent high-threshold (HT) units during slow stimulation, decreased number of HT units during fast stimulation, and shift from HT sensitivity towards low threshold sensitivity in the obstructed jejunum. Biomechanical remodeling and altered afferent response to mechanical stimulations were found in the obstructed jejunum. Afferents from obstructed jejunum preserved their function in encoding ongoing mechanical stimulation but showed changes in their responsiveness. The findings support that mechanical factors rather than adaption are important for afferent remodeling.

Background: The relation between tongue color and gastroesophageal disease is unclear. This study was done to investigate the associations between tongue color (TC), endoscopic findings, Helicobacter. pylori infection status, and serological atrophic gastritis (SAG). Methods: The participants were 896 residents of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, aged 28-86 years. The tongue was photographed, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done, and serum antibody to H. pylori was measured. SAG was defined as a serum Pepsinogen (PG)Ilevel &lt;= 70 ng/ml and a PGI/IIratio &lt;= 3.0. TC was measured by the device-independent international commission on Illumination 1976 L*a*b* color space standards at four points: (1) edge, (2) posterior, (3) middle, and (4) apex. We also calculated the ratio of the tongue edge to the three other measured points to examine the association between the coating of the tongue and the endoscopic and laboratory findings. Results: Participants were excluded who had two or more endoscopic findings (n = 315) or who had SAG without seropositivity to H. pylori (n = 33). The remaining 548 participants were divided into three groups: SAG and seropositive to H. pylori (n = 67), seropositive to H. pylori alone (n = 56), and without SAG and seronegative for H. pylori (n = 425). We divided 425 residents into a single endoscopic finding positive group (n = 207) and a negative group, which served as a control (n = 218). The most frequent single endoscopic finding was esophageal hernia (n = 110), followed by erosive esophagitis (n = 35) and erosive gastritis (EG) (n = 45). EH was significantly associated with TC (2b*/1b*) (P &lt; 0.05). EG was significantly associated with TC (3a*, 3b*) (P &lt; 0.05). Seropositivity to H. pylori was significantly associated with TC (3 L*, 3 L*/1 L*) (P &lt; 0.05, &lt; 0.01), and seropositivity to both H. pylori and SAG was significantly associated with TC (3 L*/1 L*) (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis extracted TC (3a*, 3b*) as an independent factor associated with a differential diagnosis of EG (Odds ratio (OR) 2.66 P = 0.008, OR 2.17 P = 0.045). Conclusions: The tongue body color of the middle area reflects acute change of gastric mucosa, such as erosive gastritis. Tongue diagnosis would be a useful, non-invasive screening tool for EG.

Tongue diagnosis is a noninvasive diagnosis and is traditionally one of the most important tools for physicians who practice Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine. However, it is a subjective process, and its results can depend on the experience of the physician performing it. Previous studies have reported how to measure and evaluate the shape and color of the tongue objectively. Therefore, this study focused on the glossy component in order to quantify tongue moisture in tongue diagnosis. We hypothesized that moisture appears as a gloss in captured images and measured the amount of water on the tongue surface in 13 subjects. The results showed a high correlation between the degree of gloss and the amount of water on the tongue surface and suggested that the moisture on the tongue can be estimated by the degree of gloss in a captured image. Because the moisture level on the tongue changes during the course of taking photos, it became clear that we had to wait at least 3 minutes between photos. Based on these results, we established the tongue image analyzing system (TIAS), which can consistently record the gloss and color of the tongue surface simultaneously.

Osteoarthritis of the knee joint (KOA) is an important problem to be solved in aged society. Objective assessment of disease progression is mandatory for establishing adequate treatment system. Radiographic examination is a standard method but it is too rough to detect subtle changes occur in limited period. Contrary to this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expected to work as biomarker as it appears to be keen enough to capture subtle changes. Several MRI-based assessment systems have been developed to assess the status of KOA but they are too complicated and time consuming. Originally developed system, the Irregularity Index System (I-I System) is one of those but the simplest method because it is composed of only one item; i.e., the contour of the femoral condyle. Cross-sectional study revealed good correlation between irregularity of the contour and clinical severity but longitudinal changes are yet to be solved. In this paper longitudinal change of irregularity was determined using publicly available MRI data base concerning KOA. As a result, I-I System could detect changes over average of 14 months and it related to deterioration of clinical knee score.