泉 康雄 (担当:分担執筆, 範囲:Effective removal of low concentrations of arsenic and lead and the monitoring of molecular removal mechanism at the surface)
Nova Science Publishers 2009年1月
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New sorbents were investigated for the effective removal of low concentrations of arsenic and lead to adjust to modern worldwide environmental regulation of drinking water (10 ppb). Mesoporous Fe oxyhydroxide synthesized using dodecylsulfate was most effective for initial 200 ppb of As removal, especially for more hazardous arsenite for human's health. Hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxide consisted of Fe and Mg was most effective for initial 55 ppb of Pb removal. The molecular removal mechanism is critical for environmental problem and protection because valence state change upon removal of e.g., As on sorbent surface from environmental water may detoxify arsenite to less harmful arsenate. It is also because the evaluation of desorption rates is important to judge the efficiency of reuse of sorbents. To monitor the low concentrations of arsenic and lead on sorbent surface, selective X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was applied for arsenic and lead species adsorbed, free from the interference of high concentrations of Fe sites contained in the sorbents and to selectively detect toxic AsIII among the mixture of AsIII and AsVspecies in sample. Oxidative adsorption mechanism was demonstrated on Fe-montmorillonite and mesoporous Fe oxyhydroxide starting from AsIIIspecies in aqueous solution to AsV by making complex with unsaturated FeOx(OH)y sites at sorbent surface. Coagulation mechanism was demonstrated on double hydroxide consisted of Fe and Mg from the initial 1 ppm of Pb2+aqueous solution whereas the mechanism was simple ion exchange reaction when the initial Pb2+ concentrations were as low as 100 ppb