佐々木 綾子

米国政府は,性的搾取のみならず労働搾取目的の人身取引を含めた被害者支援を目指してきたが,売春根絶政策との深い関連における取り組みを推進しているため,売春の是非や「女性に対する暴力」の意味をめぐる議論や,多様な立場に基づく支援活動を一方では産み出してもいる.ただし,支援現場においては,立場の違いにかかわらない「支援活動のレトリック」が共通して活用されており,それぞれの支援活動の正当性を担保する役割を果たしている.本稿では,支援者がある人の経験を「問題」であると認識し,その後の支援を行う際に使用する「社会問題フレイム」に着目し,多様な立場と「支援活動のレトリック」に関する分析を行った.売春や人身取引をめぐる立場の違いにかかわらずより多くの被害者を支援するためには,既存の問題解釈枠組みを次々に上書きするのではなく,それを維持しつつ新しい枠組みを作り出し,あらゆる枠組みの溝を埋める作業を繰り返していくことが必要となる.

Japanese social work/welfare education has been developing since the 1920s and has already reached a relatively high educational standard. It has also been helping to produce successful certified social workers through the state certification system since 1987. It finds itself facing a number of challenges. Fewer social workers are graduating, turnover rates are higher than those of other professions, and there is still an insufficient social recognition of the value of social work as a profession. The author briefly reviews the history of Japanese social work/welfare education, examines the current issues in the discipline, and indicates future challenges. The quality of Japanese social work/welfare education has improved, which has helped its promotion as a profession in the traditional welfare fields, but it must also foster new types of social workers who can work with globalization issues and assure the quality of life of marginalized people in Japan. Educators, researchers, and scholars have to address social changes in cooperation with people in various areas of responsibility, rather than focusing entirely on improving the quality of education. Our priority should be to build a working environment for social workers who have enjoyed a high-quality education that allows them to make the most of what they have, and make them united in their commitment to social changes. © 2010 Taylor &amp Francis.